The visual system of dogs is different from that of humans, and the colors they can see are mainly blue, yellow, and different shades and shades of these two colors, as described below:
- Retinal structural differences: There are three kinds of cone cells in the human retina, which are the most sensitive to red, green and blue light, and through different combinations of these three cone cells, humans can perceive a rich variety of colors. Dogs have only two types of cones in their retinas, one sensitive to short-wavelength light (blue light) and one sensitive to medium-wavelength light (yellow light), and lack cones sensitive to long-wavelength light (red light).
- Actual color perception: Red and green may look closer to yellow or gray to a dog's eyes, and they have trouble telling the difference between these colors and yellow. For example, dogs may see red flowers with a yellowish or grayish tint, and they may see green grass not as vivid green as we see it, but as yellow or yellow-green. They can clearly distinguish between blue and yellow, such as blue sky, yellow flowers, etc., in their eyes will have obvious color recognition.
- In general, the color of the world in the eyes of dogs is relatively monotonous compared with that of humans, but they can make up for the lack of color perception through other visual abilities, such as keen perception of moving objects, better night vision, etc., to meet the needs of their survival and activities.
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